WHAT IS DIABETES?
Diabetes is a chronic health condition that affects how our body converts food into energy. It is a metabolic disorder that occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin produced. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. When insulin is not working effectively, it causes high levels of sugar in the blood, which can lead to serious health complications.
There are two types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks and destroys the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. It usually develops in childhood or young adulthood. Individuals with type 1 diabetes require daily insulin injections to regulate their blood sugar levels. Type 2 diabetes, on the other hand, develops slowly over time and is usually more common in adults. It occurs when the body develops resistance to insulin, making it difficult for the insulin to transport sugar from the blood into the cells where it is needed for energy.
High blood sugar levels over a prolonged period of time can lead to a range of health complications, including nerve damage, kidney disease, blindness, and heart disease. People with diabetes also have a higher risk of developing infections and may experience slow healing of wounds and injuries. These complications can significantly affect the quality of life of individuals with diabetes and may result in serious disability or even death if left untreated.
Diabetes can be diagnosed with a simple blood test that measures the level of glucose in the blood. If the test results show high blood sugar levels, additional tests may be performed to determine the type and severity of diabetes. Treatment for diabetes typically involves maintaining healthy blood sugar levels through a combination of lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise, and medication. Individuals with type 1 diabetes will require daily insulin injections, while those with type 2 diabetes may also be prescribed other medications such as metformin or sulfonylureas.
Preventing and managing diabetes is essential for maintaining positive health outcomes. Eating a healthy diet with plenty of protein, fibre, and healthy fats and limiting intake of processed foods and sugar can help manage blood sugar levels. Exercise is also crucial for preventing and managing diabetes, as it helps to increase insulin sensitivity and improve blood flow. People with a family history of diabetes, as well as those who are overweight or obese, should be particularly vigilant about monitoring their blood sugar levels and taking steps to prevent the onset of diabetes.
Ultimately, diabetes is a serious and potentially life-threatening health condition. While it can be effectively managed with medication and lifestyle changes, it requires ongoing attention and monitoring to prevent serious complications from arising. With proper care and management, however, individuals with diabetes can lead healthy and fulfilling lives.